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Kidney Transplant
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Kidney transplant surgery is a surgery done to replace a damaged kidney with a healthy donor kidney. The kidney can be from a living donor or from a matched cadaver donor. The kidney transplant is done when the in situ kidney is damaged to the point of nonfunctioning so that dialysis is recommended. Kidneys remove excess fluid and waste from the blood. When they lose the ability to filter out waste and toxins, these things can build up and it can be deadly if you don't use dialysis or get a new kidney.
You only need one donated kidney for the body to function again. The same is true for the donor who can get by on just one kidney as well. With one transplant surgery, the patient goes from kidney failure to kidney function on a single kidney. Unfortunately, the transplant list is long and can last as long as a year or more.
Common causes of renal failure in its end stages include chronic high blood pressure, diabetic nephropathy, and chronic glomerulonephritis-inflammation of the kidney that can cause scar tissue to form on the kidneys and eventual decline in function of the kidneys.
In certain cases, diet, medications and other treatments can stave off kidney transplant. Eventually, however, the kidneys will fail and a transplant will become necessary.
Complications of kidney transplant include getting blood clots within the veins, bleeding complications, infection, leakage of the ureters, failure of the donated kidney or rejection of the donated kidney. You'll need to take anti-rejection medications that can have side effects of their own. Side effects of anti-rejection medications include osteoporosis, elevated cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, rash, puffiness of the face and body, swelling of the gums, acne and excessive growth of hair.
A kidney transplant is done under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the back of the individual and removes the diseased kidney. The kidney may be left in place if it isn't causing any problems to the body. Then the new kidney is placed in the lower abdomen in a procedure that lasts 3 to 5 hours.
After a transplant of a new kidney, you stay in the hospital for three to five days. The new kidney begins to function and you make urine again. The doctors are on the lookout for any side effects or problems associated with the surgery. You often have continued recovery and make frequent visits to the doctor for the weeks and months after the surgery. Doctors are looking for signs of rejection and make sure the new kidney is working. You'll need to take immunosuppressant medications for the rest of your life. Infection is always a possibility.
After a transplant is successful, the new kidney will filter the blood so you won't need dialysis any more. Because of the risk for rejection, you will need to prevent rejection forever and these have their own side effects. You are always at risk for infection because of a poor immune system after taking the anti rejection drugs.
The survival rates of organ transplantation involving the kidney are 95 percent after a single year. This number drops to 80 percent after five years. A second transplant can be done if the first transplant fails. These statistics apply to living donors. When using deceased donor transplants, about 92 percent are successful after a year and about 70 percent are successful after about five years. Your decision to go back on dialysis, get a new kidney or discontinue treatment altogether is yours to make. It all depends on your quality of life and your wishes after going through a single kidney transplant.