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Metabolic Syndrome
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Metabolic syndrome is a relatively newly diagnosed syndrome of increased insulin levels, increased blood pressure, excess body fat around the waist and an abnormality of the cholesterol level-symptoms all found together in the same individual. It is known to increase the risk of stroke, heart disease and diabetes. The more of the above symptoms you have together, the higher is the risk of having metabolic syndrome. If you develop metabolic syndrome, its complications can be prevented with aggressive treatment, including lifestyle changes.
The criteria for metabolic syndrome include having obesity with a propensity for having fat in the trunk area of the body. The systolic blood pressure is higher than 120 and the diastolic blood pressure is higher than 80. Triglycerides are high as are the LDL cholesterol. The HDL cholesterol is lower than normal. There is resistance to insulin with high insulin levels and often higher than normal blood sugar levels.
Metabolic syndrome relates to metabolism and to insulin resistance, which appears to be the basis of the disease. With a resistance to insulin, your pancreas has to make more insulin in order to process sugars. In the most severe cases, you develop diabetes when the insulin you make isn't enough to keep the blood sugar down. You can develop increased triglyceride levels and higher blood pressure when there is too much insulin in your system. Some people just have pre-diabetes and have normal blood sugars.
People don't know what causes insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. It is felt to partially genetic and partially environmental. Being overweight is a major issue with those who get metabolic syndrome. Some doctors don't believe that metabolic syndrome even exists. It has several names, including insulin resistance syndrome and syndrome X. Your chances of getting metabolic syndrome increases as one ages but it has been seen in childhood. It is of a higher risk in Asian populations and among Hispanics. If your BMI is higher than 25, you are at higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Those with diabetes have a higher risk of getting metabolic syndrome. Others, who have high blood pressure, heart disease or polycystic ovary syndrome, have a greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
Complications of metabolic syndrome include getting diabetes or having heart disease. If you have three or more of the traits associated with this condition, you likely have metabolic syndrome. These include a large waist circumference, being treated for high triglycerides or having a triglyceride level of 150 mg/dL or greater, having a reduction in your HDL level, having high blood pressure or an elevated fasting blood sugar of more than 100 mg/dL.
Treatment for metabolic syndrome includes getting 30-60 minutes of moderately intensive exercise each day, losing weight, even 5-10 percent of your body weight, and eating a healthy diet, including the Mediterranean diet and the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension). You need to eat more fruits and vegetable, eat fish instead of beef and eating whole grains instead of grains stripped of their fiber. If you smoke, you should stop smoking because smoking can increase your insulin resistance and make it more likely that you would suffer from complications of metabolic syndrome. Speak with your doctor if you need help losing weight or stopping smoking.
Your doctor will likely help you monitor the blood pressure and the blood sugar. Regular levels of cholesterol and triglycerides will be obtained and medications will be used to control all of the risk factors you have for metabolic syndrome. One aspirin a day is recommended for most people who have metabolic syndrome.